Hanaoka seishu wikipedia

Japanese surgeon

In this Japanese name, the surname is Hanaoka.

Hanaoka Seishū (華岡 青洲, October 23, 1760 – November 21, 1835) was a Japanese surgeon of the Edo period with a knowledge of Chinese herbal medicine, as well as Western surgical techniques he had learned through Rangaku (literally "Dutch learning", and by extension "Western learning"). Hanaoka is said to have been the first to perform surgery using general anesthesia.

History

Hanaoka studied medicine in Kyoto, and became a medical practitioner in Wakayama prefecture, located near Osaka, where he was born. Seishū Hanaoka learned traditional Japanese medicine as well as Dutch-imported European surgery. Due to the nation's self-imposed isolation policy of Sakoku, few foreign medical texts were permitted into Japan at that time. This limited the exposure of Hanaoka and other Japanese physicians to Western medical developments.

Perhaps the most notable Japanese surgeon of the Edo period, Hanaoka was famous for combining Dutch and Japanese surgery and introducing modern surgical techniques to Japan. Hanaoka successfully operated for hydrocele, anal fistula, and even performed certain kinds of plastic surgery. He was the first surgeon in the world who used general anaesthesia in surgery and who dared to operate on cancers of the breast and oropharynx, to remove necrotic bone, and to perform amputations of the extremities in Japan.

Hua Tuo and mafeisan

Main article: Hua Tuo

Hua Tuo (華佗, ca. AD 145-220) was a Chinese surgeon of the 2nd century AD. According to the Records of Three Kingdoms (ca. AD 270) and the Book of the Later Han (ca. AD 430), Hua Tuo performed surgery under general anesthesia using a formula he had developed by mixing wine with a mixture of herbal extracts he called mafeisan (麻沸散). Hua Tuo reportedly used mafeisan to perform even major operations such as resection of gangrenousintestines

It was 1804 when Seishu Hanaoka (1760-1835), performed an excision of the breast cancer of a patient named Kan Aiya under general anesthesia by Mahutu-san. This is the first documented general anesthesia in the world. Numerous studies have been made about Seishu Hanaoka during the past 100 years and among them the monograph titled "Seishu Hanaoka and His Surgery" by Shuzo Kure published in 1923, had been thought to be nearly perfect and it had been thought that nothing had been left unsolved concerning the biography of Hanaoka. The present author made an exhaustive investigation of the monograph in terms of anesthesiology and found a serious forgery in the transcription of Hanaoka's "Nyugan chiken roku". The author also detected two forged photographs of the record in Kure's book. As Kure was a professor of psychiatry of the Tokyo Imperial University and a leading medical historian at that time, other investigators of Hanaoka followed him unquestioningly and they could not reveal Kure's forgery for 80 years since its publication. Because of Kure's forgery the biographical study of Hanaoka was retarded seriously and incorrect information about him has prevailed. The cause of the academic retardation is considered to have been mainly due to the lack of a bibliographical survey of original documents of Hanaoka by following investigators.

In this Japanese name, the family name is Hanaoka.

Hanaoka Seishū(華岡 青洲, October 23, 1760 – November 21, 1835) was a Japanese surgeon of the Edo period with a knowledge of Chinese herbal medicine, as well as Western surgical techniques he had learned through Rangaku (literally "Dutch learning", and by extension "Western learning"). Hanaoka is said to have been the first to perform surgery using general anesthesia.

History

Hanaoka studied medicine in Kyoto, and became a medical practitioner in Wakayama prefecture, located near Osaka, where he was born. Seishū Hanaoka learned traditional Japanese medicine as well as Dutch-imported European surgery. Due to the nation's self-imposed isolation policy of Sakoku, few foreign medical texts were permitted into Japan at that time. This limited the exposure of Hanaoka and other Japanese physicians to Western medical developments.

Perhaps the most notable Japanese surgeon of the Edo period, Hanaoka was famous for combining Dutch and Japanese surgery and introducing modern surgical techniques to Japan. Hanaoka even performed certain kinds of plastic surgery. He was the first surgeon in the world who used general anaesthesia in surgery and who dared to operate on cancers of the breast and oropharynx, to remove necrotic bone, and to perform a

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