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Mahatma Gandhi
Indian independence activist (–)
"Gandhi" redirects here. For other uses, see Gandhi (disambiguation).
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2&#;October &#;&#; 30&#;January ) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule. He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (from Sanskrit, meaning great-souled, or venerable), first applied to him in South Africa in , is now used throughout the world.
Born and raised in a Hindu family in coastal Gujarat, Gandhi trained in the law at the Inner Temple in London and was called to the bar at the age of After two uncertain years in India, where he was unable to start a successful law practice, Gandhi moved to South Africa in to represent an Indian merchant in a lawsuit. He went on to live in South Africa for 21 years. Here, Gandhi raised a family and first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights. In , aged 45, he returned to India and soon set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against discrimination and excessive land tax.
Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in , Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, and, above all, achieving swaraj or self-rule. Gandhi adopted the short dhoti woven with hand-spun yarn as a mark of identification with India's rural poor. He began to live in a self-sufficient residential community, to eat simple food, and undertake long fasts as a means of both introspection and political protest. Bringing anti-colonial nationalism to the common Indians, Gandhi led them in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the &#;km (&#;mi) Dandi Salt March in and in calling for the British to quit India in .RK still in AOB, says DGP
"But the state police cannot penetrate the area as the joint operations by the Andhra and Orissa cops are confined to km on either side of the border and not beyond that," the DGP said at a press conference in Vizianagaram on s said RK, the central committee member and AOB chief, has already escaped into the safe zone after he came within the close range of police dragnet when he came to meet his wife in Narayanapatna forest block last month.
Aravinda Rao said the AP police would not go further into Orissa border but protect AP border by undertaking continuous combing operations. "This is to ensure that the Maoists do not intrude into our area from Orissa side," he said.
The police boss said additional central forces would be reaching in a couple of months to curb the Maoist activities in the state and Visakhapatnam district in particular. He said the Gotti Koya tribals were supporting the Maoists because of the ongoing conflict among various tribals. "There are no traces of Maoists in Vizianagaram. But Visakha Agency is facing Maoist menace in some pockets, which are located in interior forest tracts," he said. Earlier, he inaugurated the newly-constructed firing range at the district training centre in Saripalle in Nellimarla mandal.
Sources said the DGP had also reviewed the law and order situation, besides the spurt in Maoist violence in Visakhapatnam district along the AOB on Monday in Vizag.Aggrieved' may not challenge Aravinda's posting as DGP
According to analysts though there are clear anomalies in Aravinda Rao's posting as DGP, the chances of it being challenged are state government taking light of a bunch of petitions before the high court against the alleged mismanagement of all India service cadre rules, overlooked the seniority of at least two officers of batch K R Nandan and P Gautam Kumar and appointed the blue-eyed boy of late chief minister Y S Rajasekhara Reddy as DGP. There are two other officers A Sivasankar and Umesh Kumar who too are senior to Aravinda Rao in his batch.
There are three cadre posts of the rank of DGP that allows the government to create another three ex-cadre posts of the same rank. But as on August 31, the police department had 11 eligible officers S S P Yadav (), K R Nandan and P Gautam Kumar (), Girish Kumar (), and A Sivasankar, Umesh Kumar, Aravinda Rao, Alok Srivastava, V Dinesh Reddy and M Bhaskar (all ) serving in the state besides two others who are on deputation to the Centre. According to all India service cadre rules, an officer cannot be promoted unless there is vacancy at the level where he could be elevated. But the government promoted six additional DG rank officers of the batch 11 months ago without taking into consideration that four of them would be in excess of the sanctioned DG level posts.
Gautam Kumar, the principal home secretary, had reportedly written a letter to the chief secretary at the time of promotion of the batch, drawing his attention to the anomaly. The government took no notice of his petition.
Pointing out another irregularity, analysts say that the retirement of an officer takes place at 12 midnight on the day of his laying down of office is