Karl schmidt rottluff biografie

Artist

Biography

Origins and initial involvement in art (–)

Karl Friedrich Schmidt was born on 1 December , the son of mill foreman August Schmidt and his wife Auguste Marie, in Rottluff, near Chemnitz in Saxony. He was the third child and was followed by three more siblings. Even at grammar school, he willingly attended art classes with the architect Friedrich Otto Uhlmann and became a founding member of his school’s “Vulkan” club, which staged plays, readings and exhibitions. It was here that he met Erich Heckel, and a lifelong friendship developed between the two. Karl Schmidt gained further important inspiration for his artistic interests from the exhibitions by the Kunstverein Kunsthütte art association in Chemnitz, which he visited regularly from onwards. From around he began producing his own artworks – watercolours, studies in oil and woodcuts. By he was already exhibiting his own watercolour landscapes at the Kunsthütte in Chemnitz. In , Karl Schmidt gained his high-school leaver’s certificate in Chemnitz and followed his friend Erich Heckel to Dresden, where the latter had enrolled to study Architecture the previous year.

The Brücke Group (–)

In , Karl Schmidt likewise signed up to study Architecture at the Royal Saxon Technical College in Dresden. There he met Heckel’s friends and fellow architecture students Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Fritz Bleyl. The young men sketched and painted together, and on 7 June they founded the Brücke group. Karl Schmidt added his place of birth to his name and was from then on known as Karl Schmidt-Rottluff. As far as Heckel remembered, it was Schmidt-Rottluff who came up with the suggestion for the group’s name: Brücke – “it’s a very versatile word, it wouldn’t predetermine anything but rather would take us from one side to another as it were.” [Footnote Erich Heckel talking to H.K. in ,

*, Rottluff bei Chemnitz, , Berlin

Karl Schmidt was born in Rottluff near Chemnitz in He changed his name to Schmidt-Rottluff in , adding to his family name the name of the place where he was born. He died in Berlin in He met Erich Heckel () at school in His earliest paintings date from In he enrolled at the Dresden Polytechnic to study architecture but broke off his studies in Through Heckel he came into contact with Ernst Ludwig Kirchner () and Fritz Bleyl (). In he was a founding member of the German Expressionist group Die Brücke. He visited Emil Nolde () on the remote Baltic island of Alsen in He spent the summers of intermittently with Heckel in Dangast. He visited Norway in and moved to Berlin shortly thereafter. In Die Brücke broke up. He served in the army from to He travelled to France, Switzerland, Italy and Dalmatia in In his work was branded as degenerate and he was banned from exhibiting. In he was banned from painting. He chose to live in isolation, first in Pomerania and in , in Rottluff. In he was rehabilitated as an artist on his appointment as professor at the Berlin Academy of Fine Arts. In he was awarded the Ordre pour le mérite. In the Brücke Museum was opened to the public in Berlin. The core of the collection consists of an important donation of work made by Schmidt-Rottluff to the City of Berlin.

(We are sorry, currently only the German version is available)

(We are sorry, currently only the German version is available)

Künstler

Biografie

Die Anfänge (–)

Im Vergleich zu den Gründungsmitgliedern der Künstlergruppe Brücke war Emil Nolde rund 13 Jahre älter. Als Hans Emil Hansen wird er am 7. August im deutsch-dänischen Grenzland in der Nähe von Tondern geboren. Er ist der vierte Sohn des Bauern Niels Hansen und seiner Frau Hanna Christine aus dem Dorf Nolde. Später wird seiner Herkunft aus dem ländlichen Nordschleswig eine besondere Bedeutung beigemessen.

Zunächst absolviert der junge Hansen eine kunstgewerbliche Lehre als Holzbildhauergehilfe und Zeichner in Flensburg, ist als Schnitzer in Möbelfabriken in München und Karlsruhe tätig und besucht die Kunstgewerbeschule in Karlsruhe. Ab findet er eine Anstellung in einer Berliner Möbelfabrik, zieht für rund fünf Jahre nach St. Gallen in die Schweiz, wo er Fachlehrer für gewerbliches Zeichnen und Modellieren am Industrie- und Gewebemuseum ist. Reproduktionen seiner Darstellungen der Schweizer Gipfel in Sagengestalt – seine sogenannten „Bergpostkarten“ – verkaufen sich hervorragend. Diese ersten Jahre seiner Karriere belegen (wie z. B. auch im Falle Max Pechsteins), dass der „Sprung“ in ein Leben als freischaffender bildender Künstler aufgrund ökonomischer Verhältnisse mit Schwierigkeiten verbunden war. Nach seiner Zeit in St. Gallen versucht Nolde vergeblich, an der Münchner Akademie der Bildenden Künste unterzukommen; da dies nicht gelingt besucht er private Malschulen in München und Dachau, und zwischen Herbst und Sommer in Paris. Im Herbst mietet er in Kopenhagen ein Atelier an.

Entscheidend für Noldes weitere Karriere ist die Bekanntschaft mit der dänischen Pastorentochter und Schauspielerin Ada Vilstrup, die mehr als alle anderen an seine künstlerische Befähigung glaubt und darüber hinaus bis zu ihrem Tod im Jahr die Aufgaben einer Managerin übernimmt. Erst mit der Hochzeit im Februar ändert der Maler

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